Blockchain untuk Keamanan Data Kesehatan dalam Rekam Medis Elektronik

Dina Sonia; Daniel Happy Putra; Mieke Nurmalasari

doi:10.25047/j-remi.v7i3.6830

Penulis

Dina Sonia Universitas Esa Unggul
Daniel Happy Putra Universitas Esa Unggul
Mieke Nurmalasari Universitas Esa Unggul

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25047/j-remi.v7i3.6830

Kata Kunci:

Blockchain, Keamanan_Data_Kesehatan, Rekam_Medis_Elektronik, Systematic_Literature_Review

Abstrak

Transformasi digital layanan kesehatan melalui penerapan Rekam Medis Elektronik (RME) meningkatkan efisiensi dan kesinambungan informasi klinis, tetapi juga menimbulkan tantangan terkait keamanan dan privasi data kesehatan. Tingginya risiko serangan siber serta keterbatasan mekanisme perlindungan data, khususnya di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia, mendorong kebutuhan akan teknologi yang lebih andal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi potensi teknologi blockchain dalam meningkatkan keamanan RME melalui metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan pendekatan Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) terhadap 13 artikel ilmiah bereputasi yang diterbitkan dalam lima tahun terakhir. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa blockchain berkontribusi signifikan sebagai lapisan keamanan tambahan dengan memperkuat integritas dan auditabilitas data melalui mekanisme immutable ledger, hashing, dan konsensus terdistribusi. Kerahasiaan data didukung oleh kontrol akses terdesentralisasi berbasis pasien yang dipadukan dengan skema kriptografi lanjutan, sedangkan ketersediaan data bergantung pada penerapan arsitektur hybrid dengan penyimpanan off-chain. Namun, implementasi blockchain masih menghadapi tantangan berupa skalabilitas, manajemen kunci kriptografi, integrasi sistem, dan regulasi. Secara keseluruhan, blockchain berpotensi memperkuat keamanan dan kepercayaan dalam ekosistem RME, tetapi lebih tepat diposisikan sebagai teknologi pendukung daripada solusi tunggal.

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