Effect of culture media composition on chitin content, nitrogen retention, crude fat digestibility, and growth of mealworms (Tenebrio molitor)

Nuraini Nuraini; Rizki Alhidayat; M. Ikhsan Rias; Muhammad Akbar

Authors

Nuraini Universitas Andalas
Rizki Alhidayat Universitas Andalas
M. Ikhsan Rias Universitas Andalas
Muhammad Akbar

Keywords:

Commercial feed, mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), nutritional quality, Tofu dregs

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate how different culture media compositions affect Tenebrio molitor nutritional value. A Completely randomized design (CRD) including three treatments and six replications was the methodology employed at a significant level of 5%. Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT) was used to analyze the significant differences found. The treatments were T1 (100% CF), T2 (50% CF + 50% TD), and T3 (100% TD), which were various combinations of the commercial feed (CF): tofu dreg (TD). Chitin content, nitrogen retention, crude fat digestibility, feed consumption, weight gain, and feed conversion were the variables that were observed. The results indicated that changes in the culture media's make-up had a significant effect (P<0.01) on the mealworms' chitin content, nitrogen retention, feed consumption, weight gain, and feed conversion. However, there was no discernible change in crude fat digestibility (P>0,05). The best results were fou chitin content 9.61%, nitrogen retention rate 80.89%, a crude fat digestibility rate of 89.48%, feed consumption 264.88 g/1,000 larvae, weight gain 72.12 g/1,000 larvae, and a feed conversion rate 3.68.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

AOAC. (2016). Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Analytical Chemists.

Broek, L. A. M., & Boeriu, C. G. (Eds.). (2019). Chitin and Chitosan. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119450467

Kröncke, N., & Benning, R. (2022). Self-Selection of Feeding Substrates by Tenebrio molitor Larvae of Different Ages to Determine Optimal Macronutrient Intake and the Influence on Larval Growth and Protein Content. Insects, 13(7), 657. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13070657

Diaz-Vargas, M., Murakami, A. E., Ospina-Rojas, I. C., Zanetti, L. H., Puzotti, M. M., & Guerra,

A. F. Q. G. (2016). Use of okara (aqueous extract residue) in the diet of starter broilers. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 96(3), 416–424. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2015-0064

Eberle, S., Schaden, L., Tintner, J., Stauffer, C., & Schebeck, M. (2022). Effect of Temperature and Photoperiod on Development, Survival, and Growth Rate of Mealworms, Tenebrio molitor. Insects, 13(4), 321. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13040321

Fitasari, E., & Santoso, E. P. (2015). Penggunaan kombinasi gross energi dan protein terhadap konsumsi pakan dan perkembangan bobot badan ulat hongkong. Buana Sains, 15(2), 127–136.

Hapsari, D. G. P. L., Fuah, A. M., & Endrawati, Y. C. (2018). Produktifitas Ulat Hongkong (Tenebrio molitor) pada Media Pakan yang Berbeda. Jurnal Ilmu Produksi Dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan, 6(2), 53–59. https://doi.org/10.29244/jipthp.6.2.53-59

Hartiningih, & Fita Sari, E. (2014). Peningkatan bobot panen ulat hongkong akibat aplikasi limbah sayur dan buah pada media pakan berbeda. Buana Sains, 14(1), 55–64.

Hawana, A. (2019). Budidaya Black Soldier Fly dengan memanfaatkan limbah rumah tangga sebagai alternatif pakan ikan air tawar dan unggas.

Herlinda, S., Ekawati, A., & Pujiastuti, Y. (2005). Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) pada media lokal: pengawasan mutu inang pengganti. Jurnal Agrikultura, 16(3), 153–159.

Iding, I., Bakrie, B., & Wahyuningrum, M. A. (2020). Pertambahan Bobot Badan Larva Ulat Hongkong (Tenebrio Molitor L.) dengan Penambahan Styrofoam Di Dalam Pakan. Jurnal Ilmiah Respati, 11(2), 103–113. https://doi.org/10.52643/jir.v11i2.1105

Jajic, I., Popovic, A., Urosevic, M., Krstovic, S., Petrovic, M., Guljas, D., & Samardzic, M. (2020). Fatty and amino acid profile of mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor L.). Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 36(2), 167–180. https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH2002167J

Karlsen, Ø., Amlund, H., Berg, A., & Olsen, R. E. (2017). The effect of dietary chitin on growth and nutrient digestibility in farmed Atlantic cod, Atlantic salmon and Atlantic halibut. Aquaculture Research, 48(1), 123–133. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12867

Kröncke, N., & Benning, R. (2022). Determination of Moisture and Protein Content in Living Mealworm Larvae (Tenebrio molitor L.) Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS). Insects, 13(6), 560. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13060560

Kröncke, N., & Benning, R. (2023). Influence of Dietary Protein Content on the Nutritional Composition of Mealworm Larvae (Tenebrio molitor L.). Insects, 14(3), 261. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14030261

Makkar, H. P. S., Tran, G., Heuzé, V., & Ankers, P. (2014). State-of-the-art on use of insects as animal feed. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 197, 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.07.008

Marbun, N. G. T. (2020). Protein and Energy Utilization of Black Soldier Fly Maggot at Different age on Chicken. Jurnal Peternakan Integratif, 8(1), 52–58. https://doi.org/10.32734/jpi.v8i1.4375

Marono, S., Piccolo, G., Loponte, R., Di Meo, C., Attia, Y. A., Nizza, A., & Bovera, F. (2015). In Vitro Crude Protein Digestibility of Tenebrio Molitor and Hermetia Illucens Insect Meals and its Correlation with Chemical Composition Traits. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 14(3), 3889. https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2015.3889

Mastoraki, M., Panteli, N., Kotzamanis, Y. P., Gasco, L., Antonopoulou, E., & Chatzifotis, S. (2022). Nutrient digestibility of diets containing five different insect meals in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Animal Feed Science and Technology, 292, 115425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115425

Moningkey, A. F., Wolayan, F. R., Rahasia, C. A., & Regar, M. N. (2019). Kecernaan bahan organik, serat kasar dan lemak kasar pakan ayam pedaging yang diberi tepung limbah labu kuning (Cucurbita moschata). Zootec, 39(2), 257. https://doi.org/10.35792/zot.39.2.2019.24870

No, H. K., & Meyers, S. P. (1989). Crawfish chitosan as a coagulant in recovery of organic compounds from seafood processing streams. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 37(3), 580–583. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00087a002

Nuraini, Djulardi, A., Nur, Y. S., Amizar, R., & Saari, Y. C. (2024). Ulat Hongkong (Tenebrio Molitor) Sebagai Pakan Alternatif Sumber Protein Hewani Untuk Unggas (Pertama). Andalas University Press.

Nuraini, N., Shafan Nur, Y., Djulardi, A., Amizar, R., & Chwenta Sari, Y. (2023). The Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Hong Kong Caterpillar (Tenebrio molitor) on Quail Egg Quality. Journal of World’s Poultry Research. https://doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2023.28

Nuraini, N., Shafan Nur, Y., Djulardi, R. A. A., & Cwentha Sari, Y. (2022). Medium for Cultivation Tenebrio molitor Larvae and its Effect as an Alternative Animal Protein Source in the Diet on Performance of Broiler. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 10(11). https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.aavs/2022/10.11.2335.2346

Polii, D. N. Y., Waani, M. R., & Pendong, A. F. (2020). Kecernaan protein kasar dan lemak kasar pada sapi perah peranakan FH (Friesian Holstein) yang diberi pakan lengkap berbasis tebon jagung. Zootec, 40(2), 482. https://doi.org/10.35792/zot.40.2.2020.28632

PT Charoen Pokphand Indonesia Tbk. (2013). Kandungan Nutrisi Ransum Bravo 311 vivo.

Purnamasari, D. K., Erwan, Syamsuhaidi, Wiryawan, K. G., & Nurmaya. (2019). Pertumbuhan dan Survival Rate Larva Tenebrio molitor yang Diberikan Media Pakan Berbeda. Jurnal Peternakan Sriwijaya, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.33230/JPS.7.2.2018.7469

Putra, I. L. I., & Restyaningih, N. (2022). Laju Degradasi Beberapa Jenis Paper Pulp Menggunakan Ulat Hongkong (Tenebrio Molitor L.) di Laboratorium. JRST (Jurnal Riset Sains Dan Teknologi), 5(2), 101. https://doi.org/10.30595/jrst.v5i2.10254

Rho, M. S., & Lee, K. P. (2023). Identifying the optimal combinations of temperature and macronutrient balance for rearing Tenebrio molitor larvae. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.10.001

Sibbald, I. R., & Wolynetz, M. S. (1985). Estimates of Retained Nitrogen Used to Correct Estimates of Bioavailable Energy. Poultry Science, 64(8), 1506–1513. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0641506

Siddiqui, S. A., Elsheikh, W., Ucak, İ., Hasan, M., Perlita, Z. C., & Yudhistira, B. (2024). Replacement of soy by mealworms for livestock feed - A comparative review between soy and mealworms considering environmental aspects. Environment, Development and Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-024-04874-1

Song, Y., Kim, M., Moon, C., Seo, D., Han, Y. S., Jo, Y. H., Noh, M. Y., Park, Y., Kim, S., Kim, Y. W., & Jung, W. (2018). Extraction of chitin and chitosan from larval exuvium and whole body of edible mealworm, Tenebrio molitor . Entomological Research, 48(3), 227–233. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-5967.12304

Steel, R. G. D., & Torrie, J. H. (1995). Prinsip dan prosedur statistika : suatu pendekatan biometrik (Ed. 2., Cet. 4). Gedia pustaka utama.

Sulistiani, W. S. (2017). Pemanfaatan serabut kelapa dalam meningkatkan kualitas pupuk organik dari ampas tahu. Bioedukasi (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi), 5(2), 142. https://doi.org/10.24127/bioedukasi.v5i2.793

Volek, J. S., Phinney, S. D., Krauss, R. M., Johnson, R. J., Saslow, L. R., Gower, B., Yancy, W. S., King, J. C., Hecht, F. M., Teicholz, N., Bistrian, B. R., & Hamdy, O. (2021). Alternative Dietary Patterns for Americans: Low-Carbohydrate Diets. Nutrients, 13(10), 3299. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103299

Yu, H., Li, W., Feng, S., & Loo, S. C. J. (2024). Impacts of industrial food wastes on nutritional value of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) and its gut microbiota community shift. Biomaterials Advances, 165, 214022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.214022