PENGEMBANGAN PROSES PEMBUATAN BERAS TIRUAN BERBASIS UMBI LOKAL DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN EKSTRUDER ULIR TUNGGAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25047/jii.v13i2.106Abstract
Salah satu permasalahan dalam rangka diversifikasi pangan pokok adalah kebiasaan masyarakat mengkonsumsi beras. Pengembangan beras tiruan dari bahan-bahan lokal seperti: jagung, singkong dan pati sagu belum dikembangkan secara komersial karena rumitnya proses pengolahan. Pemasakan ekstrusi merupakan suatu metode yang dapat menyederhanakan proses pengadukkan, pencetakan dan pemasakan menjadi satu tahapan proses. Untuk dapat diaplikasikan pada industri kecil di negara berkembang perlu dikembangkan ekstruder mesin kecil sederhana.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah pengembangan ekstruder mesin kecil sederhana untuk pembuatan beras tiruan yang memiliki kualitas yang baik serta dapat memberikan margin keuntungan yang memadai bagi industri kecil. Penelitian disusun menjadi beberapa tahapan yaitu: (1) Mendesain ulir dan die ekstruder; (2) Menguji performa ekstruder dengan penyesuaian kecepatan bahan masuk, kecepatan putar ulir serta suhu pemasakan; (3) Mengevaluasi karakter produk yang dihasilkan dari segi mutu dan penerimaan konsumen; (4) Melakukan studi kelayakan ekonomi.
Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dari tahun pertama adalah produksi ulir dan ekstruder teroptimalisasi dengan single screw bersudut 7,5 derajat yang memghasilkan tekanan aliran fluida sebesar 1,2038339 x 10 pangkat 17 Pa, kecepatan ulir 450 rpm dengan teknik cold extrusion yang mampu menghasilkan beras tiruan optimal dengan penggunaan formulasi bahan baku 30% tepung jagung dan 70% tepung mocaf yang menghasilkan pengukuran warna dengan nilai L 76,26, a+5,35 dan b+31,39, kadar protein 9,73%; kadar serat 5%; kadar air 9%; kadar abu 0,52%; kadar lemak 1,12%; dan densitas kamba 0,58 g/ml. Bakteri yang digunakan untuk Biologically Modified Cassava Flour adalah bakteri hasil pengembangan dari tim peneliti dengan strain baru L. plantarum polije 15420. Baik rancangan desain ulir, formulasi serta metode pembuatan beras tiruan maupun bakteri telah diajukan untuk proses drafting paten.
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