Literature Review: Efek Imunomodulator dari Elderberry (Sambucus nigra)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25047/harena.v5i2.5940Keywords:
Elderberry, Pangan Fungsional, Sistem Imun, Imunomodulator, Respon ImunAbstract
Elderberry (Sambucus nigra) merupakan tumbuhan yang tersebar di Benua Eropa dan terkenal digunakan untuk pengobatan tradisional. Bagian buah, bunga, dan daun elderberry juga seringkali dimanfaatkan dalam industri makanan dan minuman. Elderberry mengandung flavonoid, antosianin, asam fenolik, vitamin, dan polisakarida. Ditemukan elderberry memiliki fungsi sebagai antiviral dan mempengaruhi sistem dan respon imun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian ekstrak maupun produk dengan kandungan elderberry terhadap segala respon imun tubuh dengan meninjau tujuh penelitian eksperimental yang diterbitkan dalam bahasa Inggris dari sepuluh tahun terakhir (2015-2025) yang bersumber dari PubMed dan ScienceDirect. Ditemukan pemberian ekstrak elderberry secara in vitromaupun ex vivo mempengaruhi kadar sitokin, menurunkan kadar reactive oxygen species (ROS), merangsang sel T, berperan dalam maturasi sel dendrit yang meningkatkan antibodi, dan mencegah infeksi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa elderberry dapat digunakan untuk mencegah infeksi dan menstimulasi aktivitas sistem imun. Namun, diperlukan studi lebih lanjut mengenai mekanisme kerjanya dan dosis yang efektif.
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