Efisiensi dan Kesesuaian Perilaku Ekonomi Petani Bawang Merah Berdasarkan Teori Ekonomi Klasik, Neo-Klasik, dan Modern di Desa Sumbersewu, Kecamatan Muncar
Keywords:
efisiensi alokatif, usahatani bawang merah, perilaku ekonomi petani, teori pemikiran ekonomiAbstract
Efisiensi usahatani bawang merah dipengaruhi oleh pengelolaan faktor input dan non-input. Salah satu tantangan utama dalam produksi bawang merah adalah meningkatnya biaya input, seperti benih, pupuk, tenaga kerja, dan pestisida, yang berdampak pada biaya produksi dan hasil panen. Selain faktor input, faktor non-input, seperti kemampuan manajemen pertanian yang dipengaruhi oleh perilaku sosial-ekonomi petani, juga memainkan peran penting. Dengan demikian, fluktuasi produktivitas dan kenaikan biaya input adalah masalah empiris yang mempengaruhi hasil produksi. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengukur efisiensi alokatif dalam penggunaan input produksi dan untuk mengidentifikasi perilaku ekonomi petani berdasarkan pemikiran ekonomi klasik, neo-klasik dan modern. Sampel terdiri dari 40 responden menggunakan pengambilan sampel acak proporsional. Analisis efisiensi alokatif dihitung dengan membandingkan nilai produk marginal dengan harga input, dan efisiensi ekonomi diperoleh dari perkalian efisiensi teknis dan alokatif. Perilaku ekonomi petani dianalisis menggunakan metode Spradley. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi alokatif tidak tercapai untuk beberapa faktor, termasuk luas lahan, tenaga kerja, pupuk NPK, herbisida, dan insektisida. Perilaku ekonomi petani tidak sepenuhnya rasional menurut teori klasik tetapi lebih selaras dengan pemikiran ekonomi modern, dipengaruhi oleh keterbatasan informasi, pengalaman, norma sosial, dan bias kognitif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa petani belum mencapai efisiensi ekonomi atau penggunaan input produksi yang optimal.
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