Optimalisasi Karakteristik Biodegradable Foam Menggunakan Selulosa Daun Kelapa Sebagai Penguat dan Variasi Jenis Pati Sebagai Pengikat
Keywords:
biofoam, pati kentang, pati sagu, selulosa daun kelapaAbstract
Penggunaan kemasan styrofoam konvensional menimbulkan permasalahan lingkungan karena sifatnya yang sulit terurai secara alami. Selain itu, polistirena sebagai bahan utama styrofoam berpotensi melepaskan senyawa berbahaya, seperti styrene, yang dapat bermigrasi ke dalam pangan dan bersifat toksik. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan alternatif kemasan ramah lingkungan berupa biodegradable foam (biofoam) berbahan dasar alami dengan penambahan selulosa daun kelapa (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20%) dan jenis pati (pati sagu dan kentang). Karakteristik biofoam diuji melalui daya serap air, kuat tarik, kuat tekan, densitas, biodegradasi, dan morfologi menggunakan SEM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan optimal diperoleh pada kombinasi konsentrasi selulosa 20% dengan pati kentang (A5B2). Biofoam A5B2 memiliki daya serap air rendah (4%) dan densitas terendah (0,666 g/cm3), serta menunjukkan peningkatan seifat mekanis dengan kuat tarik sebesar 0,417 N/mm2 dan kuat tekan 0,032 N/mm2. Selain itu, laju biodegradasi biofoam A5B2 tertinggi yaitu 18,446%. Hasil uji SEM memperlihatkan bahwa biofoam tanpa selulosa (A1B1 dan A1B2) memiliki rongga besar dengan distribusi pori tidak merata, sedangkan biofoam pada perlakuan optimal (A5B1 dan A5B2) menunjukkan struktur yang lebih rapat dan padat, sehingga berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan sifat fisik dan mekanis.
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