Mekanisme Morfologi dan Fisiologi Tanaman Padi pada Kondisi Rebah dan Strategi Adaptasinya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25047/jii.v18i3.1239Keywords:
penginapan, stomata, fotosintesis, asam lemak, produksi berasAbstract
Kejadian cuaca ekstrim mengacu pada curah hujan yang tinggi dan angin kencang telah berspekulasi merugikan produksi beras. Namun, studi tentang mekanisme morfologi dan fisiologis, dan strategi adaptasinya pada penginapan jarang dilaporkan. Dengan demikian, tiga percobaan dilakukan di Sawah Baru, Leuwikopo, dan Provinsi Lampung, Indonesia dari Januari 2016 hingga Juni 2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cuaca ekstrem menyebabkan tanaman padi tersangkut di daerah penelitian sebesar 27,6% dengan kehilangan produksi hingga 11,89%. Adaptasi morfologi dan fisiologis tampaknya merupakan aspek penting dalam respon terhadap perlakuan cuaca ekstrim. Komposisi biokimia berubah setelah penginapan, terutama asam lemak, terpene, alkana, dan steroid. Penginapan meningkatkan total senyawa biokimia lebih dari 48% dari tanaman normal. Berbeda dengan kehilangan produksi yang nyata pada petak percobaan, di lapangan, dampak cuaca ekstrim terhadap penurunan produksi padi di Provinsi Lampung tergolong rendah, yaitu 1,03%. Pergeseran produksi padi antar agroklimat, meminimalkan dampak cuaca ekstrim. Kemungkinan kemampuan lokal untuk mempertahankan peningkatan produksi tahunan lebih dari 5% melalui perluasan lahan irigasi, varietas unggul dan subsidi input merupakan faktor penting sebagai strategi lokal untuk beradaptasi dengan kejadian cuaca ekstrim di Lampung.
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