Pengaruh Kombinasi Frekuensi dan Lama Waktu Perlakuan High Pulsed Electric Field dan Sinar Ultraviolet Terhadap Kualitas Susu Sapi Segar
Combined Effects of Frequency and Treatment Duration of High Pulsed Electric Field and Ultraviolet Light on Fresh Cow Milk Quality
Keywords:
susu sapi, HPEF, UVAbstract
Susu sapi segar merupakan bahan pangan bergizi tinggi yang mudah rusak akibat aktivitas mikroba dan enzim. Proses pemanasan konvensional seperti pasteurisasi dan sterilisasi termal dapat memperpanjang umur simpan, tetapi berpotensi menurunkan kualitas sensori dan nilai gizi. Oleh karena itu, teknologi non-termal seperti High Pulsed Electric Field (HPEF) dan penyinaran ultraviolet (UV) mulai dikembangkan sebagai alternatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh frekuensi dan lama waktu perlakuan kombinasi HPEF – UV terhadap mutu susu sapi segar, dengan parameter warna (lightness, redness, yellowness), pH, dan EC (electrical conductivity). Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengkombinasikan dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah frekuensi HPEF (10, 20, dan 30 Hz), sedangkan faktor kedua adalah lama waktu perlakuan (10, 15, dan 20 menit). Parameter warna diuji menggunakan colorimeter, pH dan EC diukur menggunakan water quality tester, dan data dianalisis menggunakan two-way ANOVA serta uji lanjut DMRT pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi dan lama waktu perlakuan berpengaruh nyata terhadap semua parameter mutu. Nilai lightness (L*) dan redness (a*) menurun dengan meningkatnya frekuensi dan durasi perlakuan, menandakan sedikit penggelapan warna dan penurunan rona kemerahan akibat perubahan struktur protein dan lemak. Sebaliknya, nilai yellowness (b*) meningkat signifikan, menunjukkan penguatan rona kekuningan. Perlakuan HPEF – UV juga mampu mempertahankan kestabilan pH, mengindikasikan inaktivasi enzim penghasil asam dan penurunan aktivitas mikroba. Sementara nilai EC menurun pada frekuensi rendah, namun meningkat kembali pada frekuensi tinggi akibat pelepasan ion-ion bebas dari efek elektroporasi ireversibel
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