Optimasi Ekstraksi Karagenan dari Gracilaria verrucosa Menggunakan Deep Eutectic Solvent Berbasis Response Surface Methodology
Optimization of Carrageenan Extraction from Gracilaria verrucosa Using Deep Eutectic Solvent Based on Response Surface Methodology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25047/jofe.v5i4.7336Keywords:
Deep Eutectic Solvent, ekstraksi karagenan, Gracilaria verrucosa, optimasi proses, Response Surface MethodologyAbstract
Karagenan dan agar merupakan polisakarida yang banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pembentuk gel, pengental, dan penstabil. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengoptimalkan ekstraksi polisakarida dari Gracilaria verrucosa menggunakan Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) berbasis choline chloride–glycerol melalui Response Surface Methodology (RSM) dengan rancangan Box–Behnken Design (BBD). Variabel yang dikaji meliputi waktu ekstraksi, rasio DES terhadap bahan, dan ukuran partikel, dengan respons berupa massa ekstrak kasar, kadar abu, dan indeks kemurnian. Karakterisasi produk dilakukan menggunakan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran partikel berpengaruh signifikan terhadap massa ekstrak kasar, sedangkan rasio DES terhadap bahan dan ukuran partikel berpengaruh terhadap kadar abu. Spektrum FTIR menunjukkan keberadaan gugus ester sulfat dan pita serapan yang berkaitan dengan struktur polisakarida sulfat. Berdasarkan optimasi numerik RSM, kondisi optimum yang diprediksi diperoleh pada waktu ekstraksi 3 jam, rasio DES terhadap bahan 0,10, dan ukuran partikel 80 mesh, dengan prediksi massa ekstrak sebesar 4,5067 g, kadar abu 0,6754%, dan indeks kemurnian 220%. Hasil tersebut merupakan nilai prediksi berdasarkan model RSM dan belum dikonfirmasi melalui validasi eksperimental. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa DES berbasis choline chloride–glycerol berpotensi digunakan sebagai pelarut alternatif dalam ekstraksi polisakarida dari Gracilaria verrucosa.
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