Perbandingan Karakteristik Fisikokimia Asap Cair Grade 1, 2, dan 3 Berbasis Limbah Perkebunan
Keywords:
asap cair, limbah perkebunan, pirolisisAbstract
Indonesia merupakan negara agraris dengan sektor perkebunan yang berkembang pesat, khususnya pada komoditas kopi, kelapa, dan kakao. Namun, limbah hasil pengolahan komoditas tersebut belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Limbah perkebunan seperti kulit tanduk kopi, kulit buah kopi, tempurung kelapa, dan kulit buah kakao berpotensi diolah menjadi asap cair melalui proses pirolisis dan pemurnian bertingkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan karakteristik fisikokimia asap cair grade 1, grade 2, dan grade 3 yang dihasilkan dari empat jenis limbah perkebunan. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial (RALF) dengan dua faktor, yaitu jenis bahan baku dan tingkat grade asap cair, dengan total 36 satuan percobaan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi suhu proses, waktu pirolisis/destilasi, rendemen, warna, densitas, dan pH. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pemurnian berpengaruh nyata terhadap seluruh parameter kualitas asap cair. Grade 1memiliki rendemen tertinggi (86,29-89,94%), warna paling jernih, dan pH sesuai standart pangan sehingga berpotensi sebagai pengawet alami. Grade 2 memiliki rendemen menengah dan sesuai dan sesuai untuk aplikasi pertanian,sedangkan grade 3 memiliki rendemen terendah, warna paling pekat, dan kandungan tar tinggi sehingga direkomendasikan untuk aplikasi non pangan. Tempurung kelapa pada grade 1 merupakan kombinasi paling potensial untuk pengawet alami atau pestisida nabati.
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